Frozen Shoulder: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Effective Treatments

What is Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. Over time, the shoulder becomes hard to move. Many people notice that daily tasks, like reaching overhead or behind their back, become difficult. Although frozen shoulder can affect anyone, it is most common in people between ages 40 and 60. The condition develops slowly but can last for months or even years. Early treatment can help reduce pain and improve movement.

Common Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder symptoms often start slowly and get worse over time. However, recognizing the signs early can help you seek treatment sooner. Common symptoms include:

Shoulder pain, especially at night or when moving the arm

Stiffness in the shoulder joint

Limited range of motion

Trouble doing daily activities, like dressing or lifting objects

Pain that may spread to the upper arm

As the condition progresses, pain may decrease, but stiffness often remains. Eventually, movement may slowly return, but full recovery can take time.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of frozen shoulder. Still, certain factors can increase your risk. For example, the condition often develops after an injury or surgery that keeps the shoulder from moving. Other risk factors include:

Age between 40 and 60 years

Being female

Diabetes or thyroid problems

Shoulder injuries or surgeries

Long periods of immobility due to illness or stroke

In some cases, frozen shoulder develops without a clear reason. But, keeping the shoulder moving after injury can help lower the risk.

How Frozen Shoulder is Diagnosed

Doctors diagnose frozen shoulder by asking about your symptoms and doing a physical exam. They will check your shoulder’s range of motion and look for pain or stiffness. Sometimes, doctors use imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, to rule out other causes of shoulder pain. However, these tests do not show frozen shoulder directly. Instead, they help make sure there are no other problems, like arthritis or a torn tendon.

Treatment Options for Frozen Shoulder

Treatment for frozen shoulder aims to reduce pain and restore movement. Most people improve with simple steps. Common frozen shoulder treatments include:

Physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the shoulder

Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Applying heat or cold packs to the shoulder

Corticosteroid injections to reduce swelling

Gentle exercises at home

In rare cases, surgery may be needed if other treatments do not help. However, most people recover without surgery. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, physical therapy is the most effective treatment for frozen shoulder.

Tips for Managing and Preventing Frozen Shoulder

Managing frozen shoulder at home can speed up recovery. Here are some helpful tips:

Start gentle stretching exercises as soon as your doctor allows

Apply heat before exercise to relax the shoulder

Use ice packs after activity to reduce pain

Stay active, but avoid movements that cause sharp pain

Follow your physical therapist’s advice closely

To help prevent frozen shoulder, keep your shoulder moving after an injury or surgery. If you have diabetes, managing your blood sugar may also lower your risk.

When to See an Orthopedic Specialist

If you have shoulder pain or stiffness that does not improve, it may be time to see an orthopedic specialist. Early treatment can prevent long-term problems. You should seek help if:

Pain or stiffness lasts more than a few weeks

You cannot move your shoulder as usual

Pain keeps you from sleeping or doing daily tasks

In summary, frozen shoulder can be managed with the right care. Do not ignore ongoing pain or stiffness. Consult an orthopedic specialist at Orange Hospital for personalized advice on frozen shoulder.